الفهرس 
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Abstract
The rasi and growing trends towards automated, computer-aided and computer integrated manufacturing systems present an ever increasing pressure to automate measurement processes and techniques. This has led to a large improvement in sensor types and innovation in non-contact measurement techniques. This trend has also led to advancements in software
•used in :he detection, conditioning and analysis of measurement signals in addition to the control ;f rr. eastern en; system. Also due to the great competition in the manufacturing industry and especial!;, under the pressure imposed by globalisation, many manufacturing organizations are working harder to improve quality and reach zero-defect manufacturing through implementation of advanced manufacturing and inspection techniques. It is evident that the accuracy of engineering elements is a controlling factor that determines their level of performance and service life. Gears of all types and sizes are widely used in machinery and equipment. Spur gears represent the largest percentage of all gears in use. In many cases spur gears are produced in large batches and automating their measurement process becomes a persisting target. The measurement of spur gears is a difficult task due to the nature of the involved tooth profile. Several techniques, mainly of contact-type, are commonly used for spur gear measurement. Non-contact measurement techniques have many advantages over contact techniques. In the present work a new computer-assisted non-contact laser based technique is developed. The developed system is used to measure the tooth thickness, pitch and profile of spur gears. The developed system consists mainly of two sub-systems. Two different optical techniques are integrated in a single system to measure the thickness, pitch and tooth profile, besides other gear parameters. The first technique is based on the principle of optical obscuration and is used to measure the thickness and pitch of the measured gear at a predetermined tooth height. The second technique uses the principle of triangulation to measure the profile of the measured gear flank. Measurement of tooth thickness and tooth to tooth pitch are performed by positioning the measured gear between a photo detector and a laser beam. The laser beam is directed to fall on the measured gear in a direction parallel to its centre line of rotation. The distance between the laser beam and the gear centre line of rotation determines the tooth height at which the thickness and pitch are measured