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Abstract
Laparoscopy has improved the surgical treatment of various diseases due to its limited surgical trauma and has developed as an interesting therapeutic alternative for open colorectal surgery. The applicability of laparoscopy to colorectal diseases continues to expand.
In laparoscopic management of colorectal diseases, it is important to standardize the preoperative and the postoperative care plans, so that optimal results can be obtained. Also appropriate patient choice and differences in surgical techniques or surgeon’s skills may account for the great variability in outcome.
Laparoscopic surgery is being applied in a widespread manner in the last decade in the management of benign colorectal disorders, including diverticular disease, colonic polyps, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.
Laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy is recommended as the modality of treatment for diverticular disease. Laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy seems to be a reliable, safe and efficacious treatment modality with better outcomes for diverticular disease of the sigmoid colon.
Laparoscopic surgery for Crohn’s disease is both safe and feasible; also the morbidity is lower than open laparotomy. The use of laparoscopic techniques in Crohn’s disease may be divided into three categories, diagnostic laparoscopy, diversion techniques (e.g. Ileostomy or colostomy), and resectional therapies which include pure laparoscopic techniques, laparoscopic-assisted techniques and hand-assisted techniques.