الفهرس 
Review of Literature
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Abstract
Introduction: Salbutamol is a short-acting selective β2-adrenergic receptor agonist used for the relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ß adrenoceptors are also present in the secretory system and have a strong impact on salivary composition.
Aim of the work: This study was done to evaluate the effect of the selective β2-adrenergic agonist salbutamol on the parotid salivary glands regarding cellular proliferation and apoptosis during long term treatment and after stoppage by immunohistochemical methods.
Materials and methods: One hundred male albino rats were divided into control and study groups. The study group received daily injections of 4 mg/kg salbutamol (Ventolin, GSK), while the control group received equal amounts of saline. Rats were sacrificed at periods of 2, 7, 14 and 25 days of treatment and then one week after cessation of treatment. At each period the parotid glands were dissected and processed for H&E stain and immunohistochemical staining with ki-67 and p53 antibodies.
Results: After 2 days of treatment marked hypertrophy of the acini was noticed as well as marked increase in the number of proliferating cells as denoted by ki-67 antibody. Ducts and some endothelial cells showed increased proliferative activity. The proliferative activity decreased dramatically after that but did not go back to the normal level of the control. Apoptotic activity denoted by the p53 apoptotic marker showed an increase at 7 days post treatment.
Conclusion: Based on the employed methodology and the obtained results, it may be concluded that treatment with salbutamol drug causes hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the parotid glands especially at the early periods of treatment. The hyperplasia includes acinar, duct as well as some endothelial cells and this hyperplasia is not maintained by prolonged treatment periods. The hyperplastic changes are balanced by apoptosis after cessation of the treatment.