الفهرس 
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Abstract
The optimum alum dose for turbid water treatment has been adjusted by estimating the value of the electrical charges of the suspended particles. Direct measurement of the electrical charges was carried out for natural water that having different turbidity levels and different alum concentrations.
It was found that, each specific type of raw water has electrical charge value related to its turbidity level. The electrical charges measurements of the turbid water has been amplified and used instantaneously to control the discharge of the alum feeding rate. Further, additional feedback signal has been putted after settling process to ensure that there is no residual charges in the settled water.
As a result, dynamic and instantaneous control of the alum dose have been achieved accurately. Further, the jar test will no longer be considered as the main test for alum dose determination. Therefore this technique can be used successfully in water resources that having variable turbidity levels accurately and overcoming the most practical mistakes associated with alum feeding.
The electrical charge method introduces through the current work was demonstrated to be an appropriate approach for the optimization of alum dose.
Different WTPs sites are allocated in the Dakahlia governorate in four location, in New WTP (Met Kamas) in Mansoura city, Manzala WTP in Manzala city, Senblawin WTP in Senblawin city and Met Fares WTP in Village Met Fares. Measurements of turbidity, voltage, pH and conductance have been carried out individually in each plant
with change alum dose as coagulant aid in first time and repeated the same experimental with ferric chloride as coagulant aid.
Data obtained are summarised in tables. Graphs have been constructed that represent and are expressed the experimental work was found that the best value of dose corresponding to voltage value nearest to zero which represent turbidity value.
Keywords: water, treatment, alum, optimization, potential, charges.