الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
A simple, precise, and consistent anatomical terminology is necessary for the evaluation and treatment of patients with varicose veins. The terminology of the lower extremity venous anatomy has become more uniform. As the anatomy depicted by US has many variations, anatomic definition of at least some of the veins still needs clarification. The description of lower limb venous anatomy demonstrated by ultrasound imaging is intended to be the basis for future research regarding the morphology of healthy and diseased superficial and perforating veins. A clear understanding of the anatomy is also very important to correctly diagnose and perform the best treatment for varicose veins. chronic venous diseases, including varicose veins, are among the most common medical conditions. chronic venous diseases are hardly cured, and patients with these disorders will occasionally require repeat evaluation and treatment. These diseases are the result of lower extremity venous hypertension.venous hypertension is usually caused by reflux in the superficial venous compartment. Less commonly, it is the result of deep venous compression, postthrombotic stenosis or occlusion, and deep venous reflux. Rarely, venous hypertension is caused by vascular malformations, arteriovenous fistula, and neuromuscular disorders. Duplex ultrasound is widely used to investigate chronic venous disease of the lower limbs. In recent years, there has been a much better understanding of the ultrasound images of superficial veins and how these relate to venous disease. The ultrasound examination of patients with chronic venous disease requires a thorough evaluation of the superficial.