الفهرس 
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Abstract
The total length of the Egyptian Mediterranean coastline is about 995 kilometers. The Nile Delta coast, which forms one third of the total of length, faces serious erosion and accretion have been observed along some beaches of the Nile Delta. This research focuses on Baltim and Gamasa beaches. Baltim beach is about 12 kilometers along Nile Delta Coast, Egypt. Baltim beach is the most exposed areas to the process of erosion and accretion. It is located on a very active convex shoreline. While Gamasa beach covers 24 kilometers along Nile Delta coast. It is located about 30 kilometers east of Baltim beach. Gamasa beach is located on a very active concave shoreline and it is unprotected until now The current research applies multiple methodologies to cover the shoreline changes in the form of erosion and accretion rates along Baltim-Gamasa beaches. These methodologies include an analysis of landsat images, investigations of shoreline coordinates using Global Positioning System (GPS) surveying, and the numerical simulation analysis which is based on a new developed shoreline model. The landsat images analyze to determine erosion and accretion pattern along 30-year period between 1984 and 2014 at Baltim-Gamasa beaches using ERDAS model, Geographic Information System (GIS) model and Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) model. Also, the rates of shoreline changes are estimated from the three models: End Point Rate (EPR),Linear Regression Rate (LRR),and Least Median of Squares (LMS) models. The results of these models validate with ground observations of beach profile survey data at the same corresponding positions and time. Therefore, the landsat images are used for predicted shorelines along 36-year period between 2014 to 2060 using linear regression rate model. Post-processed kinematic (PPK) techniques are used for the measurement of shoreline during 2014.They are also used for extracting automatically the local XY-coordinates from two receiver GPS for 12-Km at Baltim beach and 24-km at Gamasa beach. Results show that during the period of 1984-2014, the shoreline in the region of fourteen detached breakwaters at Baltim beach has been exposed to moderate values of accretion ranging from 7 to 11 m/year when using LRR and EPR models. The average rates of shoreline changes varying from 3 to 20 m/year when using LMS model. In addition, the shoreline behind Kitchener drain is eroded by average rates from 2 to 13 m/year using LRR and EPR models, and from 4 to 20 m/year using LMS model. Also, results show that the predicted shoreline from a year 2014 to 2060 at the area of fourteen detached breakwaters at Baltim beach is accretes highly by average rates ranging from 4 to 12 m/year for three models but the predicted shoreline behind Kitchener drain is eroded highly by a maximum rate of 15 m/year for all three models at Baltim beach. The accretion pattern is apparent phenomena in Gamasa beach with the average rates varied between 1.0 and 9.0 m/year using LRR and EPR models while from 1 to 12 m/year using LMS model during the period from 1984 to 2014. On the other hand, the predicted shoreline at Gamasa beach has accreted by average rates ranging from 1 to 9 m/year during the period from 2014 to 2060 using the three models. Finally, it is evident from the results of numerical simulation at Baltim beach that the human activities lead to the destruction of the region in the form of erosion and accretion. The current study has proposed some solutions for protecting the Baltim beach. The first solution is L-groin at the west of drain and series of groins at the east of drain with permeability equals 0.1.The second solution is series of detached breakwaters instead of old nine-short groins and a series of groins behind Kitchener drain. The third solution is a series of stepped groins at the east of drain. The fourth solution is new series of submerged breakwater with one jetty instead of old structures at the west of Kitchener and series of stepped groins at the east of Kitchener. On the other hand, Gamasa beach is unprotected till now and it has been exposed to slightly accretion by a net distance for 46-year from the period of 2014 to 2060 ranging from 5 to 120m.