الفهرس 
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Abstract
Wireless Sensor Networks are attracted more attention than ever before due to the recent technology development. A wireless sensor network consists of a large number of small compact devices organized into a collaborative network called sensor nodes. The surrounding conditions in the environment ambient the sensors are measured and then these data are converted into electric signals that can be processed to reveal some of the characteristics about phenomena situated in the zone around these sensors. In this way, we can get the information about the zone which is far away Wireless sensor networks depend on small battery powered devices with limited energy resources. Anonymous nodes change dynamically Network topology of WSNs. New applications and require non-conventional paradigms are enabled for designing algorithms by using WSNs. As the use of WSNs is increasing day by day, the main target is to design an effective and energy aware protocol in order to increase the network lifetime for specific application environment. As wireless sensor Networks have very limited battery power, the residual energy on the nodes are curtail for the lifetime. Accordingly, the energy-efficient communication technology is essential to wireless sensor networks. Transmitting or receiving data, processing data, and idle listening generate the consumption of energy. One of the most popular energy dissipation model for WSN is proposed by Heinzelman called the First order Radio Model which we use it in our simulation. The proposed work using LEACH, ST for TEEN, M-GEAR and MIEEPB protocols is applied. Our goal is to compare between these routing protocols using MATLAB for several general scenarios and brief analysis of the simulation results against known metrics with energy and network lifetime being major among them.