الفهرس 
SummeryOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Energy and Clustering of sensors in network are the most important effective Elements in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that must be used as efficiently as possible. The wireless sensor node aggregate data from environment and send to base station. In this thesis, we will : (i) investigate the benefits and challenges in designing wireless sensor network ; (ii) try to overcome some of the WSN challenges such as Lifetime ; stability period ; saving energy ; deployment of nodes ; fault tolerance and latency ; (iii) try to overcome the major problem with clustering in WSN, that it is how to select the cluster heads and how to organize the clusters ; (iv) develop routing protocol for optimizing stability period and life time of the network,network remaining energy and number of packets sent to base station (BS) ; (v) try to enhance Network life time of WSN by designing a proposed routing algorithm using solar powered nodes in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks to reach energy efficient clustering concept,and (vi) evaluate the proposed model in terms of lifetime, number of nodes alive and number of data packets received at base station.In the adopted simulation scenarios, by using Matlab R2014a programming. The simulation results showed that, the proposed model improves : (i) Stability period and life time of the network, (ii) Number of packets sent to the Base Station and (iii) Network remaining energy over a total of nine Routing algorithms were found in literature such as : LEACH, SEP, TEEN, DEEC, iLEACH, iSEP, iTEEN, iDEEC and DDEEC. Choosing some candidates for further experiment was challenging. Finally all these algorithms were chosen for further analysis because they are the one with the higher trend in researches and publications.This thesis has three main contributions. The first one is the suggestion of a three-level heterogeneous network model. The second equally important contribution is the proposed energy consumption model. Distinct standing models the newly proposed energy consumption model allows careful consideration both effectiveness of radio environment and energy consumption of sensor nodes. Besides the proposed models, we Proposed protocol, it is energy aware routing protocol and an adaptive, it dynamically changes sensor nodes probabilities to become CHs in an equal and efficient manner. We introduced the concept of rechargeable batteries by solar energy for some nodes. We have performed extensive simulations to check the efficiency of the newly proposed protocol. The main selected performance metrics for this analysis are : i. Stability period and life time of the network. ii. Number of packets sent to the Base Station. iii. Network remaining energy.The simulation results clearly shows that the proposed protocol implements better for the selected performance metrics as compared to the existing cluster creation based protocols.