الفهرس 
ContentsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 116 |  |  |
| | | from | 116 | | |
Abstract
During storage, grains are exposed to the attack of numerous of adverse factors and impacts, including insects, fungi and vertebrate pests from time of harvest to consumption (Manickavasagan et al. 2008).Insect pests, mainly weevils and beetles, play a significant role in the destruction of stored grain, causing yield losses of about 75% in developing countries (Nakakita 1998 ; Papachristos and Stamopoulos 2002), due to the reduction in quantity, quality (Uthayakumaran and Wrigley 2010), weight grain and germinating power of seeds. Additionally, consumption of food commodities, contaminate the grains with shed skins, feces and toxins (Arthur et al. 2006). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the bioactivity of three plant essential oils: German chamomile, Matricaria chamomilla (Chompositae); Anise, Pimpinella anisum (Umbelliferae) and cumin, Cuminum cyminum (Apiaceae) and their nanoemulsions against rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae L. and red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum Herbst. The research was focus on: 1) to identify the major compounds in each essential oil, 2) to determinate properties and characterization of each essential oil in nanoscale, 3) to investigate the insecticidal activity in each essential oil and theirs nanoemulsion, a) contact toxicity assay, b) antifeedant assay, 4) mechanism of action of P. anisum NE (The most influential against T. castaneum), a) Ex vivo (Outside morphological), b) In vitro (Histological observation), c) In vivo (Biochemical assay), d) In silico (Molecular docking).