الفهرس 
ContentsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Plant parasitic nematodes caused significant damage and losses to various agricultural crops in the tropical and sub-tropical regions. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are one of the most wide spread and damaging agricultural pests in the world causing an estimated US $100 billion loss/ year worldwide. The root-knot nematodes were widely distributed in the cultivated areas of Egypt causing remarkable crop losses. The abiotic component of soil including soil aeration, moisture, temperature, texture and structure also affect nematode function. During the two last decades, nematode control was based mostly on the use of nematicides. Conversely, due to environmental toxicity and cost of these chemicals, other control techniques are of a great goal. The improvement in plant growth and yield criteria after the addition of organic matter due to the disinfection of such plants with nematode and / or to the nutritive value of plant parts which served as fertilizers were recorded by several investigators. Moreover it is well known that organic matter decrease nematode population in two different ways, directly by possessing nematicidal properties during its degradation or indirectly by enhancing the development of nematode natural enemies. Many Compositae plants have allelopathic potentials and the types as well as amount of causative compounds differ depending on the plant species. The incorporation of allelopathic substances into agricultural management may reduce the use of pesticides and lessen environmental deterioration. Most members of the family Asteraceae are herbaceous, but a significant number are also shrubs, vines, or trees. The family has a worldwide distribution, from the polar region to the tropics, colonizing a wide variety of habitats. It is most common in the arid and semiarid regions of subtropical and lowers temperate latitudes. The Asteraceae may represent as much as 10% of autochthonous flora in many regions of the world. The active principle(s) for the nematicidal activity of family Asteraceae plant products have not been discovered and no plant-derived products are sold commercially for control of nematodes. The energy store of Asteraceae is generally in the form of inulin rather than starch as they produce iso/chlorogenic acid, sesquiterpene lactones, pentacyclic triterpene alcohols various alkaloids, acetylenes (cyclic, aromatic, with vinyl end groups), tannins. However, integrated nematode management using several control techniques i.e. oil cakes, powder of various parts of medicinal plants and their plant extracts as abiotic factors with minimal use of nematicides is greatly required among nematologists to provide effective control measures against the target nematode, keep the nematode low at the safe level and avoiding environmental pollution.