الفهرس 
Introduction
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Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments and aging on the bond strength of yttrium-oxide-partially-stabilized zirconia ceramics bonded with different systems of resin cements. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 zirconia blocks (8×8×4.8) were fabricated from zirconia ceramic (InCoris TZI C) and duplicated into composite blocks. Zirconia blocks were randomly divided into three groups according to the surface treatment methods as follow; group I: Air particle abrasion; group II: Air particle abrasion followed by piranha acid etch solution; group III: Air particle abrasion followed by hot acid etching solution. Each main group was divided into two subgroups. Half of the treated blocks were bonded to composite blocks with three resin cements (Panavia SA Cement Plus, TheraCem, and Panavia F2.0).The other half were subjected to heat treatment prior to the bonding procedures using a hand held Silano-Pen. Each bonding complex was cut into microbars (±10 mm length and±1 mm bonding area). 20Microbars from each subgroups were randomly selected, half of these microbars were subjected to the testing procedures without thermalcycling, while the other were subjected to 10,000 thermalcycles. μTBS was performed using a universal testing machine (0.5 mm/min). A mean value for each group were calculated and used in the statistical analysis. SEM examination was performed to evaluate the surface texture of different tested group. Results: The results showed, a significant difference (P<0.05) between the three main surface treatment. The highest bond strength in group III and the lowest bond strength in group II. Regarding the resin cements used, the Panavia SA significantly improved the microtensile bond strength (P<0.05) compared to the TheraCem and Panavia F2.0 cements, while there was no significant difference between TheraCem and Panavia F2.0. Regarding SEM analysis, group III showed homogeneous granular texture with wide distribution of porous network. group II and group III showed wide distribution of silica particles after Silano-Pen treatment. Conclusion: The bond strength was influenced by the different surface treatment methods, the resin cement selection, and aging process.