الفهرس 
قائمة المحتوياتيوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Citrus export has been occupied high priority by Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation. Egypt has a relative advantage in cultivating and exporting citrus to global markets. Due to different restrictions adopted by various countries in importing agricultural products in the last years, Egypt should adapt their agricultural policy to implement the requirements of food safety and follow standards of export. The current study aimed to identify the respondents’ extension needs, determining the relationship between the degree of orange farmers’ extension needs and their socio-economic characteristics, identifying Orange farmers’ acceptance level to export specifications, exploring the barriers which face the respondents to apply export specifications and analyzing the current status of studied citrus packaging plants. The main finding of the study could be summarized as follows : 1- Most studied practices (77.8%) were considered important from farmers’ point of view. Weighted discrepancy scores indicated that the six highest ranked extension needs were: pests control, transportation, storage, type and size of orange’s boxes, packaging method and disease control. 2- There was a significant positive relationship between educational status and respondents’ extension needs, as well as there is a significant negative relationship between years of experience in agriculture, years of experience in cultivating Orange and type of land tenure as independent variables and respondents’ extension needs as the dependent variable. 3- The overwhelming of the respondents (91.1%) had high acceptance to export specifications, while (8%) had moderate acceptance and only (0.9%) had low acceptance. 4- The overwhelming of the respondents (87.5%) referred to the high effects of the studied barriers on export. Lack of government support programs to export ranked first (99.4%) among the studied barriers, followed by a low level of farmers’ education (96.7%), high cost of agricultural labor (94.3%), high prices of input suppliers (93.4%) and lack of access to extension services (93.4%). 5- The respondents suggest some recommendations to overcome the barriers which they face to export Orange as follows: providing extension in integrated pest management, developing the role of extension in export crops, and providing governmental support to decrease the cost of input supplies. 6- The mangers of citrus packaging plants agreed on some recommendations to maximize the export of Orange, i.e. using suitable pesticides to solve the problem of pesticides residues in Orange, using biology control system for pests, pre-cooling of Orange in the farm, using scissors during harvest to maintain Orange’s capsule and conducting packaging in a corrective way. 7- All farmers mentioned that they didn’t receive extension services before from governmental extension. 8- The respondents mainly depended on five sources to collect needed information; other farmers, traders, managers of citrus packaging plants, exporters, and consultants. The study recommends an extension program in the field of orange export to cover extension needs which mentioned by the respondents.