الفهرس 
Literature ReviewOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Unavoidably, linguistic politeness is required amid laypeople and amid intellectuals alike. The researcher has espoused the view that linguistic politeness is preferable option for the vast majority in social and cultural milieu. Researches and studies have appeared in the West which highlight the significance of the phenomenon. Furthermore, there are several scholars who study linguistic politeness such as Lakoff ”Rules of Politeness”, Brown and Levinson ”Face Threating Acts (FTAs)”, Spencer-Oatey ” Rapport Management” and Geoffrey Leech who developed his theory (1983) ”Politeness Principle (PP)” that consists of (6) maxims to a new model in (2014) ”General Strategy of Politeness (GSP)” which consists of (10) maxims: Generosity, Tact, Approbation Modesty, Obligation of Speaker to Other, Obligation of Other to Speaker, Agreement, Opinion-reticence, Sympathy and Feeling- reticence. The researcher addressed the latest theory. The researcher gets down written corpus from Henry James’s novel The Portrait of a Lady and Virginia Woolf’s novel Mrs Dalloway. The methodology in collecting the data is to trace the quotations of the characters which have the quotation marks. The researcher selected (20) dialogues from the first novel and (18) dialogues from the second to study Leech’s ten maxims. The findings of this study reveal the following: (1) The (10) maxims have been found in the two novels which approves the validity of Leech’s theory (2) The researcher studies the linguistic politeness by researching the stereotypical assumption that ”women are more polite than men”. To study this assumption, the researcher studies the speech event ”apology” by applying (4) strategies on Henry James’s The Portrait of a Lady. The researcher accounts (65) utterances agree four strategies: sorry (66%), excuse me (21%), pardon (me) (8%) and I beg your pardon (5%). (3) It can be noted that there are (20) corpora labelled to men which consist about (31%). On the other hand, there are (45) utterances labelled to women which consist about (69%). Overall, these results approve the assumption that women are more polite than men in the speech event of apology. (4) According to gender differences between men and women, there are significant differences between the two means for both genders with regard to type of difference at (α≤ = 0.05) level of significance. These results agree with most of the literature on the subject.