الفهرس 
Chapter (1) : IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
There are many types of renewable energy resources like biomass, wind energy, solar energy, geothermal, hydro-electric, etc. solar energy is a good option for electrical energy production as it is directly converted to electrical energy by using photovoltaic arrays .The efficiency of solar cells is increasing more and more for example the efficiency of monocrystalline silicon solar cells becomes 24.7% at 2007 from 6% at 1950 and this is a great headway. Solar cells have a life time over than 30 years and after this period photovoltaic modules (which are the outcome of a combination of solar cells to premium power) are can be fully recycled. Photovoltaic system does not produce noise as it does not have moving parts. The solar arrays system efficiency changes due to the nonlinear characteristics of current and power against voltage of the PV system, solar radiation, atmospheric temperature and the nature of the connected load. There are a lot of methods to increase and enhance the efficiency of solar module. Maximum Power Point Tracking “MPPT” is one of these methods. The discrepancy between the load characteristics and the delivered maximum power points (MPPs) of the PV module can be solved by MPPT to ensure optimal utilization of solar cells. Although MPPT is well known but it is constantly being developed. There are many methods to develop and implement MPPT. The methods vary in complexity, sensors required, convergence speed, cost, range of effectiveness, implementation hardware, popularity, and in other respects. The main objective of this thesis is to study and analyze the impact of MPPT on the performance for a PV System and to develop a new MPPT based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) controller technique to improve the efficiency and performance of a PV system. This thesis presents a simulation of a photovoltaic system based on MPPT algorithm connected with a three-phase grid using MATLAB/Simulink program. The model is simulated to examine and analyze the performance of photovoltaic system at different irradiance and constant temperature during applying the MPPT using three algorithms (perturb and observe, incremental conductance and particle swarm optimization). Full detailed modeling of a photovoltaic system based on MPPT algorithm connected with a three-phase grid is presented. The performance of the proposed system is tested and analyzed in MATLAB/Simulink environment using two MPPT conventional techniques (perturb and observe technique and incremental conductance technique) and compared with one advanced technique PSO. The simulation results indicate the importance of MPPT algorithm for enhancement of the efficiency of the PV arrays and the high performance of PSO compared to the other techniques. A comparison between the simulation results for the three methods will be presented. PSO led to obtaining slightly higher tracked power (nearly 1 kW more than the other two algorithms) Using PSO, the power loss was decreased by nearly 55% to 60% compared to I_C and about 70% to 90% compared to P&O at the different irradiance. Also, PSO raised the MPPT efficiency between 1% to 5% for the different irradiance compared to the other two algorithms. In addition, PSO could obtain higher tracked power without oscillation around MPP in a very short time compared to the other two techniques. The execution time to reach MPPT was reduced to a fraction of seconds against 30 to 50 msec. compared to the other two techniques. One of the important contributions of this thesis is the proposed experimental work which is carried out by the combination of Arduino UNO which is coded by C language and coupled with MATLAB results which obtained by the simulation for the three optimization methods. In Protues 8.3 professional software, a design of the proposed model using Arduino UNO of the three algorithms is achieved to validate the components of the proposed system. The experimental work is done using a standalone PV Module comprises three identical solar modules coupled in series and it is tested using the three algorithms. A comparison between the experimental results and the simulation results for the three optimization methods will be presented at the end of this thesis. It is found that the results obtained by using PSO are more acceptable. The main advantages of the PSO are as follows: - it reduces the oscillations at the steady state (to approximately zero) once the MPP is located, and its algorithm is very fast comparing to the other two methods.