الفهرس 
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Abstract
The concept of ”Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)” in the roads of developing countries is the solution for one of the most profound social problems. That is traffic. Although ITS is considered as a truthful solution to improve road networks and reduce accidents, it is not used in developing countries nor researched in universities yet. The reasons are, among others, lack of the right data collection to support research and lack of funds to buy the right equipment as well as lack of capabilities among researchers. In this thesis, a better architecture with low cost is proposed to apply ITS in developing countries. The powerful of this proposed architecture not only in improving Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) is considered as the core of ITS but also in reducing the consumption of network capacity and power. The target of this proposed architecture can be achieved through adjusting the amount of data transmission over the Internet. In smart mobility initiatives offer new opportunities for intelligent transportation systems to maximize the utilization of the time-sensitive data. This data is streaming out of different sensory transport resources to support ”nowcasting” instead of ”forecasting” technique. As a result, efficient information dissemination has become the new production factor, notably in terms of mitigating traffic congestion, maximizing bandwidth utilization, and reducing transmission power consumption over the network. Cloud Computing and its counterparts have been established as relatively stable environments for proving a wide number of tackled solutions. However, the limitations of network bandwidth as well as the rapid expansion into the data transfer rate are still the bottlenecks of vehicular networks. Abstract The main contribution of this thesis is to improve real-time performance using a geographically distributed computing architecture based on fog technology. This architecture presents a set of novel techniques from different points of view. These novelties include, (i) a flexible registration methodology for improving the navigation process among mobile vehicles; (ii) a generic distributed mechanism to adjust the communication range and the network connectivity; and (iii) a new mathematical model to ensure transmission reliability through establishing powerful communication channels between the vehicular entities and fog layer. The effectiveness of the proposed architecture is evaluated using several Quality of Service (QoS) performance metrics such as throughput, delay time, and jitter. The experimental results reveal that the worthiness of the proposed architecture to meet the service quality requirements is more than other state-of-the-art techniques in the literature review.