الفهرس 
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Abstract
Environmental evaluation, textural composition, mineralogy and geochemistry of soil samples were investigated in addition to measuring hydrochemical parameters and trace metal concentrations in order to determine the groundwater quality in ten well sites covering Al Khassah area. The work presented in this thesis offered comprehensive conclusions about the present status of soil and water quality. X-ray diffraction analysis of Al Khassah soil indicates abundance of calcite and quartz over feldspar, and clay minerals. Feldspar present is dominated by albite over microcline. Clay minerals present are composed mainly of illite, kaolinite and montmorillonite arranged in decreasing order of abundance. Al Khassah soil material indicates derivation from mixed source rocks composed of carbonates, metamorphic mica schist and/or volcanic igneous rocks. Abundance of major oxides determined in Al Khassah soil follows the order: SiO2 > CaO > Al2O3 > Fe2O3 > MgO > Na2O > K2O > Ti2O > P2O5 > MnO reflecting calcareous nature and composition. According to Al2O3/Na2O ratio, Al Khassah soil suffered two degrees of weathering at the source area; high ratios denote strongly weathered material in the source rocks and low ratios indicate weak degree of weathering in the source area. According to Al2O3 – Fe2O3 – MgO triangular diagram, Al Khassah soil can be classified into: aluminomagnesia and aluminoferrous composition indicating a deeply weathered volcanic igneous source rock. Environmental assessment of metal pollution in Al-Khassah soil was evaluated by estimation of Enrichment Factor (EF), Contamination Factor (CF), geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), and Pollution Load Index (PLI). CF’s order in Al-Khassah soil samples showed Pb > Cr > Zn > Cu > Ni > Mn > Co > Fe. The estimated geo-accumulation index (Igeo) in Al-Khassah soil samples showed no pollution of Fe, Co, and Cu, unpolluted to moderately polluted for Mn, Cr, Ni and Zn and finally moderately polluted for Pb in all soil samples. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) values revealed that all of Al-Khassah soil samples were polluted by the total of the studied heavy metals. The hydrochemical parameters and trace metals measured in groundwater exhibit distinct local variation. The marked variations was attributed to the effect of pollution point sources such as agricultural discharges which is certainly unstable in chemical composition. Contamination index (CI) calculated for groundwater samples indicates that most water samples are safe in use except for Cd which may cause slight pollution for most studied well sites. Thus warning must announce for this metal. Metal index values (MI) determined for Al-Khassah groundwater, indicates threshold of warning for drinking purposes. Water quality deterioration due to point source pollution only is pronounced at well site no. 1 indicating that the groundwater quality in Al Khassah area is slightly influenced by domestics, agricultural and industrial activities.