الفهرس 
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Abstract
In Egypt, the improvement of degraded soils is considered as an important issue in the agricultural security program. Large amounts of sugar industrial wastes such as sugar lime mud is producing annually causing some issues to the environment if not exploited. Plant’s growth can be positively influenced by modifications of the soil condition owing to using some soil amendments applications. So, a pot trial was carried out to evaluate the influence of some soil amendments on enhancing some chemical and physical characteristics of some degraded soils of Egypt. Three soil types (saline, sandy and sodic soils) were used and treated with three soil amendments i.e. compost, agricultural gypsum and sugar lime mud which were applied to the three studied soils (two weeks before sowing) at three rates (0.5, 1 and 1.5%, equivalent to 2.5, 5 and 7.5 g pot-1, respectively) and moisted after addition to the saturation limit. Soils were cultivated with barley. Growth parameters (i.e. shoot fresh and dry weights (g plant-1) and No. of plants pot-1) and elements concentration (i.e. N, P, K, Na, Mg and Ca %) were evaluated. At the end of the trail, undisturbed soil samples were taken from each treatment. The results obtained could be summarized as follows:- The findings show that barley seeds did not succeed in germination under sodic soil conditions, while seeds succeed in germination under saline and sandy soils. - The obtained values of barely growth parameters significantly increased with the increase of adding rate of all soil amendments under study, where the highest values were realized due to the addition rate of 1.5% followed by 1% and 0.5%, respectively. This trend was found for elements concentrations, except K% which suffered from antagonism with calcium that is included in the composition of agricultural gypsum and sugar lime mud. Also, barley grown in the control treatment (without any soil addition) appeared extremely nutrient deficient. - Soil applications of compost, gypsum and sugar lime mud positively influenced on barley plants grown on saline and sandy soils. Soil addition of all studied amendments at all rates pronouncedly improved all studied chemical and physical characteristics of saline, sandy and sodic soils compared to control treatment (without soil addition), but the improvement increased with the increase of adding rate of all soil amendments under study, where the best values were recorded due to the soil addition rate of 1.5% followed by 1% and 0.5%, respectively for all soil characteristics. The results confirm that sugar lime mud as a new soil amendment in Egypt is beneficial for improving degraded soils due to its high content from organic matter and calcium. CONCLUSION :- 1- Results obtained from this study increased our knowledge concerning the efficacy of some soil amendments on the enhancement of barley plants grown on degraded soils (Salt-affected soils and sandy soil). 2- This study discovered that the soil application of sugar lime mud at different rates is useful for growing barley plants under saline and sandy soils. That can be beneficial for soil reclamation such as saline and sandy soils due to its high contents from calcium and organic matter. This study will help the researchers to uncover the sugar lime mud importance in soil reclamation that many researchers were not able to explore. Thus a new way on the usage of sugar lime mud in agriculture proposes may be arrived and to save the environment from pollution. 3- Generally, compost, agricultural gypsum and sugar lime mud are considered perfect soil conditioners and its applications to degraded soil positively influenced on soil properties and barley plants growth.