الفهرس 
Introduction and Aim of the WorkOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Transition metal elements are most common used in daily uses. Most of these metals have harmful effects and are distributed in water, air and soil and thus accumulate in plants as well. chronic and acute exposure to these elements causes many diseases in humans. The d-block transition elements consider most reactive elements in the periodic table. Generally, they are found in complex matrix in the form of minerals. So, the purpose of this study is to enhance the separation and pre-concentration of different transition and heavy metals like Fe, Cu, Pd, Pt and Pb. Cloud point extraction (CPE) is a promise technique for determination and separation many metal ions from different matrices. The procedure is recognized as a green preconcentration method since it reduces the utilization of toxic solvents and is classified as an eco-friendly tool. Solidified floating organic DROP micro-extraction (SFODME) is a new and modified liquid phase micro-extraction technique that used for extraction and preconcentration of organic and inorganic analytes. The procedure of this technique can be applied for multi samples such as water samples, soil, sediments, biological fluids like (urine, plasma, serum), cosmetics and personal-care products and food samples. So this technique is distinguished with its advantages. It isn’t high cost, high sensitivity, simple, and important for the removal of the interfering matrices. It also reduces the amount of organic solvents were used and have a great enrichment factor. The aim of the present study is: To use new organic compounds as ligands in CPE and SFODME. To develop sensitive and selective procedures for speciation and preconcentration of metal ions by CPE and SFODME prior to determination by different techniques. To apply the optimized procedures for analysis of real samples. The thesis was divided in to four main parts: Chapter 1: Introduction and Aim of work The main points of this chapter can be recapitulated as follow: - General introduction about d-block elements, their uses and distribution in earth crust, the different methods of preconcentration, the advantages of cloud point extraction and solidified flotation organic DROP micro extraction and factors affecting on its efficiency then in final, the aim of this work. Chapter 2: Literature Review This chapter includes: Detailed literature survey is given concerning, the presence and importance of d-block elements and their different applications, also different analytical techniques used for their separation and determination. Chapter 3: Experimental This chapter includes: Methods for preparation of various solutions such as standard solution of metal ions, surfactants, ligand, electrolytes and buffers. The instruments used in this work, e.g. inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, uv-vis spectrophotometry, pH meter, IR, NMR and thermostatic water bath. Synthesis of two new ligands (DOPHHBA and CASA) and their charactarization. General analytical procedure and different parameters for separation and pre-concentration of the target transition and elements. Method for separation and pre-concentration of Cu2+ by formation of complex with CASA as a ligand and Triton X-114 as surfactant by cloud point extraction. Method for speciation and pre-concentration of Fe3+ using cloud point extraction after complexation with DOPHHBA as a ligand and Triton X-114 as surfactant. Method for pre-concentration of Pd2+, Pt2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ and Fe2+ by solidified flotation organic DROP micro extraction (SFODME) technique through formation of complex with (E)-4-mercapto-4-(phenylamino)-3-((E)-p-tolyldiazenyl)but-3-en-2-one as a ligand and 1-undecanol as an extractant. Application of these methods for detection of the target metal ions in different real samples. Chapter 4: Results and discussion This chapter was divided into 3 main parts. Part (I): Micelle-mediated extraction for speciation and spectrophotometric determination of iron using a newly synthesized salicylic acid derivative. Part (II): Cloud point extraction of copper using 4-(2-chloroacetamide)-salicylic acid as a complexing agent. Part (III): Determination of some transition element ions (Pd2+, Pt2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Fe2+) by solidified flotation organic DROP micro-extraction (SFODME) using (E)-4-mercapto-4-(phenylamino)-3-((E)-p-tolyldiazenyl) but-3-en-2-one as a ligand and 1- undecanone as extractant.