الفهرس 
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Abstract
Vitamin D as sunshine hormone, Most of vitamin D was formed through exposure of skin to ultraviolet rays 290_310 nm Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is naturally present in very few foods. Vitamin D obtained from sun exposure, food, and supplements is biologically inert and must undergo two hydroxylations in the body for activation. The first occurs in the liver and converts vitamin D to 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], also known as calcidiol. The second occurs primarily in the kidney and forms the physiologically active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], also known as calcitriol. Vitamin D plays a fundamental role in regulating calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and, in particular, the pathways involved in bone mineralization and bone mass acquisition. CCl4 metabolism is an established model of liver necrosis and fibrosis. The liver damage is created by this metabolism is free radical dependent as CCl4 is oxidized by cytochrome P450 to highly reactive trichloromethyle (CC13) radical that being generated by reductive cleavage of CCl4 bond and generated oxygen radicals and phospholipid peroxides in abundance. The generated trichloromethyle free radical caused liver necrosis, destruction of ECM and lipid peroxidation of membranes as well as its cytotoxic effect. The free radical were induced hepatic injury by interacting with unsaturated fatty acids of cell membrane causing lipid peroxidation or cross linking of the unsaturated fatty acids or by covalent binding to important micromoloecules including protein, lipid and nuclear as well as mitochondrial DNA. The experiment was conducted on eighty male albino rats, weighing 120-170 g, were randomly assigned into four equal groups (n= 10/group): A. Control group. B. Vitamin D deficiency group. C. CCl4 treated group(1ml CCl4: 1 ml olive oil), at dose 0.2 ml /Kg BW once daily D. Vitamin D deficiency+CCl4 one group. The results obtained from this study can categorized as follow: A- Hematological parameter RBCs , Hb and PCV were significantly decreased in the CCl4 and CCl4+Vit D deficiency groups comparing with the control one resulted in anemia while significant elevation in the total leukocytic and neutrophilic counts comparing with the control one while Vit D deficiency group showed no change . Meanwhile, neutrophil showed increase in CCl4+Vit D deficiency group comparing with CCl4 group. B- Biochemical parameters. Our result showed a significant increase in the serum activities of ALT, AST , ALP, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin in the CCl4 and CCl4+Vit D deficiency groups compared to the control one. Addationally, the total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin were significantly elevated in CCl4+Vit D deficiency group compared to CCl4 group. All above mentioned parameter were insignificantly altered in Vit D deficiency group. CCl4 and CCl4+Vit D deficiency groups showed a significant decrease in the serum total protein (TP) and globulin levels comparing with the control group and they were insignificant altered in the Vit D deficiency group compared to the control rats Albumin were insignificantly changed in all groups in comparison with the control one, The A/G ratio was significantly increased in the CCl4 group comparing with control group and insignificantly changed in other experimental groups compared to the control one. C- Kidney function biomarkers. The serum urea, creatinine and uric acid levels were significantly elevated in CCl4 and CCl4+Vit D deficiency groups with respect to the control rats. On the other hand creatinine and uric acid levels were insignificantly changed in the Vit D deficiency group compared to the control group,Meanwhile urea level was significantly increase compared to control group. Moreover, the significant increase in serum urea level was recorded in CCl4+Vit D deficiency group and the significant elevation in uric acid level was recorded in CCl4 group. D - Cholesterol, triglycerdes and glucose blood levels : the serum cholesterol level was insignificantly changed in all groups. Meanwhile a significant increase in the serum glucose and triglyceride levels were recorded in all groups compared to the control one and the significant elevation was recorded in CCl4+Vit D deficiency group followed by CCl4 treated group. E-Serum level of vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus : Vitamin D level was significantly declined in all experimental groups comparing with control one.The significant reduction in the vitamin D level was observed in the Vit D deficiency and CCl4+Vit D deficiency groups. The serum calcium level was markdly decrease in the Vit D deficiency and CCl4+Vit D deficiency groups compared to the control rats and insignificantly changed in CCl4 group compared to the other experimental .The serum phosphorus level of all investigated groups was insignificantly changed. F-.Hepatic antioxidant and oxidative biomarkers: The antioxidant biomarkers (GSH and SOD) were significantly reduced in CCl4 and CCl4 + Vit D deficiency groups comparing with the control one. On other hand, there were no different between Vit D deficiency group and control group.Additionally, hepatic catalase were insignificantly changed in all investigated groups , Meanwhile the liver MDA level were significantly increase in CCl4 and CCl4+Vit D deficiency groups in comparison with the control one, also there were no variation between Vit D deficiency group and the control rats. G-Histopathological Results : G- 1. Liver : liver displayed normal hepatic tissue with normal hepatocytes in the control group, meanwhile in the Vit D deficiency group, liver displayed severe congestion and hemorrhage in hepatic parenchyma. the liver section in CCl4 group displayed scattered necrosis of hepatocytes and displayed round cells infiltration in hepatic tissue and fibroblastic proliferation in CCl4+Vit D deficiency group. G- 2. Kidney: The kidney of the control rats displayed normal renal tubular epithelium and normal renal glomeruli but in Vit D deficiency group, the renal tissue displayed hemorrhage replacing the renal parenchyma and severe congestion. Meanwhile, in the CCl4 group the kidney displayed vacuolation of the renal tubular epithelium, severe congestion and proliferation of the renal glomeruli. Kidney section in CCl4 and CCl4+Vit D deficiency groups displayed proliferation of the renal glomeruli and massive hemorrhage replacing renal parenchyma and hemosiderosis.