الفهرس 
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Abstract
With the increasing growth of the science of medicine, so more information is needed for specialists for treating with patients. Traditional handwriting health records haven’t been adequate for recording that quantity of information. This is because handwriting may cause misunderstanding, and paper-records are difficult in saving and also search. The first electronic health record (EHR) has been developed between 1960s and early 1970s. EHR integrates all patient data from heterogeneous systems, which are necessary for discovering knowledge. Healthcare by nature is complex in the path schemas and data are structured in its internal systems. Information integration is an urgent need to provide a unified view of all data. That integration means that one integrated scheme combines all distributed patient data. It provides the doctors and specialists with complete medical information of the patients where and when it is needed, which leads to accurate treatment. Achieving semantic interoperability in distributed EHRs raises patient safety, care continuity and therefore improves the health care industry. Healthcare standards were designed to reduce healthcare heterogeneity. However, existing of more than one standard exacerbates the heterogeneity problem.