الفهرس 
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Abstract
Background : DN is a common microvascular complication of T1DM and T2DM that is the leading cause of ESRD around the world (Lin et al., 2014). Adiponectin is the most common adipocytokine produced by adipose tissue ( Liu & Liu, 2014) .Adiponectin (+45T/G) is one of the most prevalent variants of exon 2 on the ADIPOQ gene, and some studies have provided evidence that the ADIPOQ(+45T/G) polymorphism is linked to serum levels of adiponectin, insulin sensitivity and T2DM (Vendramini et al., 2010). Aim of the work : This study aimed to investigate the possible association of ADIPOQ (+45T/G) gene-polymorphisms with T1DM and/or DN among the Egyptian children. Materials and Methods : The present study included 180 children divided into two groups: “group 1” consisted of 60 age and sex matched healthy-control-children, and “group 2” consisted of 120 T1DM children. Based on ACR results, the diabetic group was further subdivided into two subgroups: T1DM without nephropathy (n = 86) and T1DM with nephropathy (n = 34). * Results : * Participants with T/G genotype have 1.6 times higher odds to exhibit T1DM though it did not achieve a statistical significance. * A slightly higher proportion of the ‘T’ allele in T1DM versus healthy control, however didn’t achieve a statistical significance. * Female participants with T/G genotype had a 6.7 times higher chance of developing T1DM than females with T/T genotype after adjustment for age. * The T/T genotype of the adiponectin +45 polymorphism was significantly greater in the nephropathy group than the non-nephropathy and healthy control group; however, T/G genotype was significantly lower in the nephropathy group in comparison to the non-nephropathy and healthy control group. Conclusion: from the current study, we suggested that adiponectin (+45T/G) gene polymorphism is not associated with susceptibility to T1DM.