الفهرس 
Chapter 1 IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 134 |  |  |
| | | from | 134 | | |
Abstract
ﻳﻌﺪ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻬﻨﺪﺳﻴﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺒﺮﻣﺠﻴﻦ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺑﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻧﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎﺓ ﺗﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﺍﻻﺑﻌﺎﺩ.ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻥ ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ, ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ,ﻭﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ.ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﻟﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻥ ﺛﻼﺛﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺑﻨﺎﺀً ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ (GIS) ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ, ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺗﺤﺪﻱ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﺍﻻﺑﻌﺎﺩ. ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ : ﺍﻟﻬﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻓﺤﺺ ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﺭ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﺍﻻﺑﻌﺎﺩ. ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻭﻋﻠﻲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ.ﺍﻧﻘﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﻴﻦ: ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﺍﻻﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻢ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﻟﻲ ﺃﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺣﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ. ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺣﻘﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺑﻬﺎ, ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻃﺒﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻀﺎﺭﻳﺲ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﺰﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ. ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ : ﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﻩ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻟﻤﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻣﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻖ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺭﺻﺎﺩ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺗﻢ ﺭﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺤﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ. ﻭﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺑﻖ.ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻳﻬﺘﻢ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﺍﻷﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﺬﺟﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺋﻴﺔ (Procedural Modeling) ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ(CGA Rule Files) ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺰﻧﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻧﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺛﻼﺛﻲ ﺍﻻﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﺤﺎﻛﻲ ﻟﻠﻮﺍﻗﻊ,ﻭﻣﻦ ﺛﻢ ﻣﺤﺎﻛﺎﺓ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻭﺍﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ. ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ,ﺗﻢ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺩﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﻭﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺘﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻳﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻳﻴﻦ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺨﺒﺮﺍﺀ.