الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Infant formula is a manufactured food designed for feeding to babies and infants usually prepared for bottle-feeding or cup-feeding from powder or liquid. The composition of infant formula is designed to simulate the mother’s milk at approximately one to three months postpartum; however, there are considerable differences in the nutrient content of these products. The most commonly used infant formulas contain purified cow’s milk, whey and casein as a protein source, a blend of vegetable oils as a fat source, lactose as a carbohydrate source, a vitamin-mineral mix, and other ingredients depending on the manufacturer. In 2001, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the infant formula prepared in accordance with applicable Codex Alimentarius standards was a safe complementary food and is a good substitute for breast milk . In 2003, the WHO stated that ””lack of breastfeeding and especially lack of exclusive breastfeeding during the first half-year of life, are important risk factors for infant and childhood morbidity and mortality”” . Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites produced mainly by some strains of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Also it could be produced by some other species from the same genus like A. nomius and A. niger. There are four major aflatoxins; B1, B2, G1, and G2, plus two additional metabolic products, M1 and M2, that are of significance as direct contaminants of foods and feeds. By measuring the quantitative amount of AFM1 using ELISA technique for the studied infant milk formulae on different exposure times (0, 15 and after 30 days), it was found that by increasing the time, the amount of produced AFM1 increased.