الفهرس 
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Abstract
”The thesis comprises three chapters (introduction, experimental, and results and discussion). Chapter one: It includes an introduction consisting of a literature survey of the ligands hydrazide under investigation and the complexes. Chapter two: This chapter covers the experimental part and illustrates the experiments used in this work. Chapter three: It deals with the results and discussion and the most important results are summarized in six parts which include the following information: I- Part one includes a discussion of the ligands used in isolation of the metal chelates. The main aim of this part focused on the characterization of the dihydrazides and their derivatives containing oxygen, nitrogen, and sulphur. A comparison of its structures and its effect on their biological activity are examined. II- Part two includes a discussion of the solid chelates synthesized in solution. The results indicate that the metal chelates have high melting points above > 300 oC, except the copper(II) chelate which is decomposed with charring at 290-292 oC. The high melting points suggest that the bonds between the ligand and the metal ions are very strong and are covalent in nature. The chelates are stable against air and light for more than one year. III- Part three includes a discussion of the solid chelates synthesized in a solid state by tribochemistry reaction. The second type for synthesis of the metal chelates is based on adding the reactants together in the solid state followed by grinding in a mortar and then extracting the chelate by dissolving the solid mixture in the appropriate solvents and then characterizing the products. Different geometries were suggested for the synthesis of the complexes based on the data evaluated from the spectral and magnetic measurements. IV- Part four includes a discussion of DFT calculations of the ligand and metal chelates. The study of molecular modeling was carried out to get insight into the geometries of metal chelates. V- Part five includes a discussion of Biological activity. The biological activity of the ligands and their complexes was investigated using antibacterial, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer activities. The pathogenic bacteria are represented by Staphylococcus aureus (Sa), Escherichia coli (EC), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp). It was observed that [Ni3(L′3-9H)] was a strong inhibitor, particularly for pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). The various compounds were tested for their antioxidant activity using DPPH and ABTS methods. The efficiency of the various tested compounds as antioxidants varied depending on the structure of the compounds. The anticancer analysis revealed that chelates of Ni, Zn, and Cu have cytotoxic activity at the tested 50 µM concentration after 48 hours. The concentration that kills 50% of cells was determined after incubating the cells with serial dilutions of each compound. VI- Part six includes a discussion of catalytic activity. The study of catalytic activity of the complexes via degradation of methylene blue and the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was investigated by studying the effect of different pH’s. The next type of catalytic reactions results show that [Ni3(L′3-9H)] and [Cu3(L3-6H)(H2O)1½] have a catalytic effect on the degradation of methylene blue by completely disappearing of blue color after approximately two hours from exposure to sunlight. KeyWords ( not more than 10 ) Malonic acid derivatives, Tribochemistry, Green chemistry, DFT, Biological activity, Catalysis ”