الفهرس 
Chapter one IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The stretch between Damietta and Portsaid along the eastern portion of the Nile Delta suffers from numerous coastal problems resulting from both human and natural factors. The study focuses on two main aims. The first aim is to monitor shoreline change rates by using an automatic technique to analyze satellite images. The method uses multi-temporal Landsat images and Digital shoreline analysis system (DSAS) along the study area that extends 40 kilometers. Six satellite images were acquired from 2002 to 2020 in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2010, 2015, and 2020. The study area was divided into five zones with an average length of 8 km for each zone. End Point Rate (EPR), Linear Regression Rate (LRR), and Net Shoreline Movement (NSM) were used to quantify erosion and accretion rates. The results show that the human interferences cause severe damage such as high regression rates and land loss. Zone one is an example of this after establishing protecting structures for water inlets. These structures affected zone two as well. In zone three, Zohr natural gas field caused high accretion rates upstream of the water inlet but downstream it caused high regression rates. Zone four has several types of coastal structures such as El-Gamil eastern water inlet, the system of detached breakwaters, etc. The detached breakwaters system led to high accretion rates that led to a loss of the tourism value of the area. Zone five has a dynamic stability. It has low erosion and accretion rates through the period between 2002 and 2020. Prediction process of shoreline in the years 2030, 2040, 2050, 2060, and 2070 was conducted using the calculated shoreline change rates. The second main aim of the study is to solve the coastal problems in the most critical zone of the five zones. Zone four was selected to conduct the numerical modeling study on it. Six alternatives were conducted for the numerical modeling study using surface water modeling (SMS). Two models were used CMS-FLOW and CMS-WAVE. A detailed analytical study was conducted for all scenarios to identify the optimum solution. A comparison study was conducted for quantities of erosion and accretion. The cost was taken as one of the main parameters into consideration. The results show that sand bypass is the optimum solution to solve the coastal problems.