الفهرس 
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Abstract
Human cultures have adapted to climatic extremes ranging from frigid arctic cold to debilitating Tropical Heat. Even within a culture, circuamstances may require that humans encounter wide variations in temperatures. However, there is a question about the capability of humans to tolerate thermal extremes. There is also a concern about the cost of such tolerance, for there are demonstrable effects of exposure to abnormally high or low ambient temperatures. These effects include physiological adaptation, changes in performance, and influences on social behavior. Moreover, Thermal heat stress is a leading cause of numerous occupational diseases that disturb worker performance and work quality and, in extreme circumstances, can result in death. When employees are exposed to severely hot or cold thermal settings, thermal discomfort is listed as one of the leading reasons for discontent in the job. Given the time individuals spend at work, studies assessing the comfort of the thermal environment are becoming increasingly relevant. However, most industrial spaces in low- and middle-income countries are designed without considering the workers’ thermal comfort, which leads to an unmeasured decrease in productivity and many health considerations.The objective to investigate the possibilities of optimizing the workers thermal sensation – whether from the objective measures point of view or the user perception of thermal stress – and productivity as a follower variable for the workers thermal sensation through optimizing the terms of industrial spaces’ ergonomics, which were identified as three main parameters: the machine placing, building shell, working profiles. The Hypothesis here is to ignore the effects of all the other factors that affect productivity but thermal comfort, based on the alertness model of productivity assessing tool.The thesis’s methodology involves selecting a case study, analyzing the working environment’s ergonomics and thermal conditions, and creating a base-case model using a computer-based simulation tool. Generative alternatives based on the concept of ergonomics are developed to optimize the indoor surroundings’ thermal efficiency, reduce the thermal radiation area around hot machines and boilers, and improve the surrounding thermal environment.The working profiles of the workers are also edited to provide more rest periods based on the wet bulb globe temperature correlation with working profiles. A comparative analysis is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of each alternative on the workers’ thermal sensation in the case study.The results focused on improving space ergonomics through three main categories: space planning, space shell, and worker working profiles. In the first case scenario, heat originators were moved away from the working stations, resulting in a significant decrease in discomfort and air temperature. The second case aimed to improve internal cross-natural ventilation, resulting in a major decrease in air temperature distribution and discomfort. The final case optimized workers’ working profiles based on the wet bulb globe temperature, leading to an acceptable range of discomfort for most workers. Overall, the study demonstrated significant improvements in space ergonomics that can enhance workers’ productivity and comfort.