الفهرس 
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Abstract
The original work of the thesis is subdivided into five main parts: Part 1. Preparation SZ, PZ nanoparticles: Firstly, SZ and PZ samples were synthesized by Sol-gel method. Zirconia gel was prepared by the addition of (1, 2, 3N sulphuric acid) for SZ and (1, 2, 3N phosphoric acid) for PZ DROP by DROP as a precipitating agent to an aqueous solution of zirconium nitrate (17.5gm) under vigorous stirring at room temperature. Part 2. Structure characterization the synthesized catalysts using XRD, SEM, UV-vis and FT-IR: • X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that: All samples exhibited typical tetragonal structures • Scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that: SEM photos show that zirconia oxide consists of tetragonal shape of ZrO4 combined with some irregular shapes • UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed that It`s a technique used to estimate bandgab energy for SZ/PZ • Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed that Synthesized SZ/PZ nanoparticles were analyzed using the FTIR spectroscopy technique to identify the functional groups present in the particles. Bandwidth of 1500–600 cm−1 showed zirconia oxide nanoparticle fingerprint region. • non-aqueous potentiometric titration we were made this technique by using n-butyl amine in acetonitrile to determine the total number of acid sites in our prepared catalyst. • pyridine adsorption for SZ/PZ it is considered as an effective method to determine Brönsted and Lewis sites according to nature of bonding. Part 3. Catalytic activity: Synthesis of 7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin (Pechmann reaction) and 3-methyl-1-phenyl-pyrazol-5-one (Aldol condensation reaction). Part 4. Degradation of Dyes:The photo catalytic activity of SZ and PZ catalysts were investigated by the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB). Part 5. Biological activity: Antibacterial and anti-oxidant activities of SZ and PZ catalysts were tested against a panel of gram-positive B. subtilis, gram negative E. coli andtwofungi; C. albicansand A. flavus.