الفهرس 
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Abstract
Th This work mainly aims at the efficiency of some biotechnological products from medicinal plants in controlling and treatment of some pathogenic bacteria in a trial to decrease the used medicines with high harmful side effects, so our objectives were: Collection of plant samples (Deverra tortuosa, Pulicaria undulata and Euphorbia retusa) from natural habitats. Preparation of plant samples and extract the natural products from plant samples by using different solvents. Biological activities of extracts: antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. Green synthesis of different metal nanocomponent (Ag-NPs, Se-NPs and Zn-NPs). characterization of preparation metal nano component. Purification and characterization of the most active compounds by GC-MS. In this study, three xerophytes were selected according to their literature and dominance in the study area which are 1) one species of Apiaceae (Deverra tortuosa (Desf.) DC), 2) second species of Asteraceae (Pulicaria undulata (L.) C.A.Mey), and 3) third species of Euphorbiaceae (Euphorbia retusa Forssk.). The active constituents of the selected plant extracts have the aptitude to chelate metal ions and support the bioreduction of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles. Alternatively, the volatile components of the plant extract were characterized by GC-MS spectroscopy, as well as the phytochemical analyses. Several techniques were utilized for verifying the formation of metal nanoparticles e.g. TEM, zeta potential, FTIR, and UV-Visible spectroscopic analyses. The present results indicated that the plant extract has the highest values of phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins relative to the metal nanoparticles solutions. Moreover, the phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content of metal nanoparticle solutions varies with the kind of plant extract and the metal used. In the present study, the antimicrobial potentiality of aqueous extract of studied plants and its metal/metal oxide nanoparticles were tested against various Gram-positive, and negative bacterial species and pathogenic yeast, C. albicans fungal species was assessed by disc diffusion assay. The aqueous extract of selected plants expressed no antimicrobial activity against any of the tested bacteria. In addition, the solutions of the synthesized nanoparticles revealed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against the diverse microbial species, in which the results were compared with the standard antibiotics (Amphotericin Ampicillin and Ceftazidime). Finally, the biological potency of the extracted plant and its metal/metal oxide nanoparticles revealed decreased antioxidant features than the original extract of this plant, along with improved cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities. Consequently, a group of nano-solutions was prepared using the eco-friendly protocol and found to have high efficiency as cytotoxic and antimicrobial agents as they can be included in developed pharmaceutical studies. Additionally, the results of the present study require to be documented by testing these solutions for their in vivo application.