الفهرس 
الفصل الأوليوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
Small industries in the Arab Republic of Egypt play a major role in achieving both economic and social development. Small enterprises have an important role in economic development by increasing industrial production, distributing and expanding the variety of products and production services in the economic structure, and they are also able to produce alternative goods and services to those. Imported, and then increase the retention of foreign currencies and raise the assets of the Central Bank of them, as well as suitable for these projects to integrate with large projects through the provision of some services for them at a low cost, as well as characterized by efficiency in the use of primary resources, and services available in countries where such resources are available Small projects also contribute effectively to the development of local savings, as they encourage this saving to invest in them. One of the important areas to attract the savings of small savers and use them productively as it is profitable And that the capital requirements of small projects are limited, and therefore the few savings of community members may become a way to establish this type of project as well as enable them to participate in direct supervision of their investments, and then it can be said that the establishment of small projects represents a pattern of investment consistent with the preferences of investors Thus, it constitutes one of the important channels for attracting savings and converting them into productive investment. Small industries use relatively simple productive arts that are characterized by high labor intensity. They work to create job opportunities that absorb part of the unemployment. In light of the prevailing economic conditions and the spread of poverty, small projects come as the best ways to reduce the problem of unemployment by providing job opportunities, as they absorb part of the unemployment and work this way. Projects at the same time limit the increasing demand for government jobs, which helps the state to face the problem of unemployment. Small projects also face the problem of unemployment and try to find job opportunities for unemployed social groups that practice abnormal behavioral patterns that result in many phenomena of social deviation and corruption. They play a role in These groups benefit from their free time in useful work instead of being drawn into currents that spread social deviation, and at the same time work to reduce the increasing demand for government jobs, and these projects provide many opportunities for work for some groups, especially young people. These industries are characterized by ease of establishment and implementation, which makes them easy to spread and localize. They can be established in remote and rural provinces and small towns, which makes these areas attractive to other new industries. Thus, small industries work to expand the area of industrial development and its spread and the subsequent industrial and civil development, as it is an important source To provide large projects with many of their needs, as well as small projects form a tributary into which many products of large projects flow, as they represent the basic base and the true nucleus for the emergence of a strong private sector capable of investment and production, and the development of economic life and the gradual establishment of large projects. Small and medium industries also represent a paramount importance to the Egyptian economy and the development of these small traditional craft projects. Small projects constitute a suitable environment for innovation and creativity, especially in the industrial sector (copperware, wood, embroideries, etc.). Craft work is a reflection of the prosperity of culture in any society and is directly proportional to the culture of nations. And its social and cultural prosperity, just as craft projects are the faithful carrier and appropriate repository of human cultures, which often protects them from extinction and loss. Small industries open doors for youth employment, especially women. Perhaps the most prominent feature that distinguishes small industries from other industries is the empowerment of women economically, as they attract a remarkable percentage of women to work in them, whether they are the owner of the project or working in the project, and because the nature of small projects is more compatible with the requirements of women’s work. Especially in areas most in need of reducing the phenomenon of feminization of poverty and widespread unemployment. Therefore, small industries are one of the most important mechanisms for empowering women that depend on development strategies. Small enterprises also pay great attention to working women through their active role in introducing many jobs that are commensurate with their work. Women, such as working on computers, sewing and clothing workshops, manufacturing ready-made clothes, embroidery, or projects that are practiced by productive families, which achieves optimal utilization of the women’s workforce, supports their participation in economic activity, and thus reduces women’s unemployment, which affects the role of women in the formation of Income and its effective contribution to building the national economy. The empowerment of Egyptian women is one of the most important priorities of the state during the current stage to overcome the challenges facing small industries, and work to create opportunities that contribute to the promotion and increase of investments in all sectors of the state. The state is currently working in cooperation with various institutions to finance small and medium industries owned by Egyptian women in the sector Handicrafts to integrate into local and global value chains, and reach new markets by helping small and medium enterprises to develop products according to market requirements, training them on business development, e-commerce, quality, and packaging, and preparing them to participate in exhibitions, trade missions, promotional events, and meetings Business matchmaking. With regard to the efforts of the Agency for the Development of Medium, Small and Micro Enterprises, the Agency implements many activities, programs and initiatives that empower women, which include the inclusion of gender issues in all programs, projects, activities and initiatives implemented by the Agency, and support for various craft initiatives by providing various trainings for women. According to the local needs of the governorates at the level of the Republic, with a focus on traditional crafts that are subject to extinction, in addition to encouraging cooperation and effective communication with government agencies, civil society organizations and the private sector in the field of gender and women’s empowerment, and studying the needs of women entrepreneurs, monitoring them and translating them into activities, projects and initiatives to contribute effectively to Work to empower women. The problem of the study is about the economic empowerment of women, through the development of women’s capabilities to expand their work options, increase their participation in the labor force, and achieve equal opportunities in employing women in all sectors, including in the private sector, and in entrepreneurship, and the economic empowerment of women in Egypt is a priority Patriotism for the state, giving women a greater role in societies and providing them with real opportunities, and women’s economic participation will contribute to raising the gross domestic product, and provide a better life for them and their families. Small and medium enterprises, which is one of the main sectors that absorb decent and productive work opportunities for women in various Egyptian regions and governorates, and the priority that the small and medium enterprises sector receives from the Egyptian government for its distinction in achieving high added value, achieving spatial development and contributing to the regional balance of development. This study also gains its importance through small industries and the important role they play in the development of developing economies, and the solution of various economic problems. On the public sector in the field of employment, and these small industries have recently found support from the public and private sectors, and get acquainted with small industries and their types in Sinai society, as women are the entity of society, and the main driver for it, especially in closed and isolated societies, which have their own culture that distinguishes them Unlike other societies, women have a major and essential role in the lives of individuals and bear the greatest burden of carrying the culture of society and bequeathing it through the process of socialization to future generations. And its development in line with the urbanization of society. The study aims at the importance of small industries and their types in the Sinai society, and to reveal the programs in which the state and the local community contribute to the empowerment of women. (10) With experts and officials of the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency in South Sinai Governorate. The field study reached many results, the most important of which are: The results of the field study indicated the importance of small industrial projects in economic development, the most important of which are: small projects increase the rate of economic growth and then reduce unemployment rates, and small projects contribute to the development of large enterprises, and help to reduce the phenomenon of migration to cities and thus achieve balanced development, and achieve Better use of available resources, and contribute to achieving fair social development through its access to small investors, and the ability of small projects to adapt in remote areas, and finally small projects reduce the imbalance of payments by reducing the volume of imports. It became clear from the results of the field study the advantages of women’s manufacturing activity, as small projects are characterized by their wide geographical spread, ease of adapting production according to needs, and they can be set up in small areas, and the degree of risk in the small project is not high, and finally the low level of wages. It became clear from the results of the field study the most prominent problems when establishing economic activity, the most important of which are: weak financial capabilities from the beginning of the establishment of the project, changes in currency exchange rates and the rise in the price of the dollar, and the inferior view of society members to women’s work, and the lack of individual skill, lack of experience and training, and difficulties in The disposal of goods leads to recourse to selling, and finally to family obligations. It became clear from the results of the field study that customs and traditions in the Sinai society play a role in women’s entry into the field of industrialization, and among these customs are inequality based on gender, the decline of the role of women in housework and traditional women’s jobs, and the patriarchal system that is based on the dominance of men, and culture Masculinism entrenched in the channels of influence in society such as media and educational curricula, the high illiteracy rate among women, and finally the marginalization of women’s status issues in the media.It became clear from the results of the field study the role of industrialization in empowering women economically, as empowering women contributes to participating in the process of social development, and work helps achieve women’s ambitions, shouldering self-responsibility, and aims to advance production and improve women’s standard of living, and bear self-reliance in decision-making Finally, the transition from a consumer to a producer. The study also came out with many recommendations, most notably the following: Providing societal conditions that facilitate the full participation of women in the political, economic, social and cultural fields through the development of their knowledge and experience, developing their skills and securing the necessary conditions for expanding the base of full participation. Develop policies and programs to encourage women to enter the various types of work required by economic and social needs, present or in the future, and what they require in terms of advanced or new professions and skills, with a focus on providing incentives that open more job opportunities to participate in the commodity production sectors, up to the management and services sectors. It is necessary to pay attention to collecting data on women, determining their presence in the labor force, monitoring social and economic changes and developments that would affect women, collecting data regularly, and completing the analytical base that is indispensable in finding a base that helps to develop appropriate policies and can also provide a base that can Legislative, procedural and executive decisions of the employment and education and media agencies are based on them. Carrying out future studies of labor market possibilities, indicators of supply and demand, and the expected development in it, including the position of women and their fields from these future perceptions, in order to be a guide in determining the balance of human forces of men and women in terms of employment and production.