الفهرس 
Introduction
Lining deformationOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 261 |  |  |
| | | from | 261 | | |
Abstract
The complexity of soil-structure problems arises not only because of the inherent complex behavior of soil medium but also due to the nonlinear behavior of the structural materials and the nonlinear nature of the contact between the soil medium and the in-contact structural material.
In this study, two problems of earth retaining structures are chosen. Circular tunnel problems embedded in both clayey and sandy soils and a retaining wall of cantilever type with different types of backfill soils.
Problems are modeled as plane strain problems taking into account the nonlinear behavior of materials and large deformations effect. To account for the nonlinear behavior of the concrete material, a hypo elastic model is used with a capability of modeling the strain softening and post cracking behavior of concrete. On the other hand, an elastic-plastic work hardening elliptic cap model is used to represent the behavior of the soil continuum.
The influence of a number of factors affecting both soil and structural response are examined. The effect of nonlinear analysis type, contact-interface simulation, tunnel depth, and lining thickness on the ground surface subsidence, stresses induced in the soil continuum, lining deformed shape and stress distribution in the tunnel lining is illustrated for the case of tunnel problems. Whereas the effect of wall height, nonlinear analysis type and contact-interface simulation on the stress distribution behind the wall stem is illustrated for the case of the retaining wall problem.