الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of the work
Reactive oxygen speciesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present study was carried out to investigate a complex of oxidative stress in chronic renal failure patients on maintenance hemodialysis and comparing results with that of healthy populations and patients with early stages of renal disease (nephrotic syndrome patients and renal impairment patients). Also the study investigates the effect of hemodialysis procedure on the oxidative stress. For this purpose, blood samples were drawn from one hundred and ten patients from Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt, with various renal diseases. As controls, 50 healthy volunteers (25 female, 25 male: the age range was from 22 to 60 years) were recruited from the same geographical area as the patients. The activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in patients with nephropathies is not significantly reduced; whereas the patients of end stage renal disease (hemodialysis patients) are characterized by a significant decrease in erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and the hemodialysis procedure does not significantly affect the activity of superoxide dismutase. There is no significant disturbance in erythrocyte catalase activity in patients with renal disorders whether that with early stages of renal disease (nephrotic syndrome patients or renal impairment patients) or that on end stage of renal disease (hemodialysis patients). ?Plasma glutathione peroxidase activity is an important test to assess the oxidative damage in patients with kidney disorders. The progression of renal disorders is accompanied by a decrease in plasma glutathione peroxidase activity whereas erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity is not. Thus plasma glutathione peroxidase activity may be used as a sensitive inform biochemical test in diagnosis of patients with renal disorders together with the classical clinical tests. There is no direct evidence of increased erythrocyte lipid peroxidation in patients with renal disorders whether that with early stages of renal disease (nephrotic syndrome patients or renal impairment patients) or that on end stage of renal disease (hemodialysis patients). The patients with early stages of renal disease are characterized by a higher concentrations of plasma malondialdehyde than patients with end stage renal disease. The hemodialysis procedure is accompanied by a slight, but not significant, increase in plasma and erythrocyte malondialdehyde, which possibly was the result of free radical reactions during the hemodialysis procedure.