الفهرس 
Introduction
Experimental MethodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Two dimensional seepage problems appear in many practical situations in water resources engineering such as groundwater, seepage through dams and under heading-up structures, irrigation and drainage practices, and seepage from waterways. Seepage beneath end structures may be divided into confined and unconfined seepage flow, depending on water level in the drain, and the distance between the end of floor and the beginning of side slope of the drain.
The main variables in this study are the distance between the floor end and the crossing waterway (drain), and the seepage head, which affect the seepage characteristics. The main objectives of this study are to evaluate the effect of these variables on the location of phreatic surface, flow rate, uplift pressure on floor, exit hydraulic gradient, and the water pressure on sheet piles.
A finite element procedure based on the fixed mesh approach was used to solve the seepage flow equations. The finite element solution was implemented by developing a two dimensional computer model which can tackle both confined and unconfined seepage problems in homogeneous and non homogeneous porous media. It is concluded that the location of the hydraulic structure, the use of sheet piles, and changing of water head have influences on the location of phreatic surface, exit gradient, uplift pressure under floor, pressure distribution on sheet piles, and velocity directions through domain.