الفهرس 
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Abstract
Egypt has been subjected to natural and man-made hazards. The most significant hazards are earthquakes and massive rock falls. A significant earthquake in 1992 (5.8 Magnitude at Dahshour, SW Cairo) hit Cairo area causing significant damages, followed by a smaller one in 1995. In December, 14, 1993, a massive landslide of rock wall with more than 50 meters length and 26 meters thick DROPped over Zabbaleen village, northern Upper Mokattam Plateau. In the 6th September 2008, this catastrophe was repeated over Al-Dweeqa buildings. The geologic conditions, human activities and the urbanization creeping towards Gabal Mokattam Area (GMA), make Gablal Mokattam area highly vulnerable to hazards. Therefore, the present study has used multi-data sets and improved techniques to assess and evaluate these hazards. For this purpose, multi-temporal Landsat satellite images of 1986 and 2002 with the high resolution satellite data of IKONOS 2000 have been used to detect the general urban encroachments to the Mokattam Plateau. The geologic and geomorphologic datasets such as faults, joints, geologic formations, slope gradient, dry drainage wadies and the locations of human activities such as quarries have been used as GIS thematic layers with the current landuse/landcover to analyze the highly sensitive areas within Mokattam vulnerable to hazards. The integration and interpretation of these data sets resulted in valuable outcomes that are obtained through applying an improved methodology of remote sensing image processing, GIS and Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE). These outcomes are summarized as follow: 1- The urban areas have been increased from 1986 to 2002 by about 249%; most of this urban expansion was detected over the northern Upper Mokattam Plateau as expansion of slum urbanization in the dry drainage wadies. 2- The dolomitic limestone and clay intercalations of Maadi formation is considered the most affecting factor of hazards on GMA, which contributes by 33%. 3- Joints dissecting carbonate rocks of Ain Mousa dolomites, contribute by 22% and the faults by about 9%. 4- Water seepage from human activities over GMA more probably cause clay swelling and carbonate joint’s expansions by dissolution that could motivate and accelerate rock falls and slope retreating. 5- It is noticed that most vulnerable areas to extreme hazard in GMA are the northeastern area of Monshaat Nasser settlements and the western zone of southern Upper Mokattam Plateau at the west of Mokattam city, where the previous massive rock failures of 1993 and 2008 are located. The other areas of GMA are subjected to moderate to high hazards based on the existing and the distribution of the hazard factors there.